Reflection Journal

Answer the questions in a full and complete manner. Use complete sentences, including proper spelling and grammar. When you are ready to turn in your assignment, add a check mark to the Submit for Grading box and then select Submit. Module 3: Natural Forces Affecting the Driver Vocabulary: Please define six (6) of the following terms in your own words. Please do not Just copy and paste the definition. 1. Gravity-A force that attracts the body toward the center of the earth. 2. Inertia- A tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged. 3.Potential Energy- 4. Kinetic Energy-Energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion. 5. Friction-The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. 6. Traction-The action of drawing or pulling a thing over a surface, especially a road or track. 7. Centrifugal Force- 8. Centripetal Force- 9. Deceleration- Is the term used for acceleration that causes an object to slow down. 10. Force of impact- Module 4: Signs, Signals & Pavement Markings 1. Explain the purpose of the following A. The difference between solid and broken lines is: You may not cross through solid lines but you can cross broken lines.B. Yellow lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow: Separate lanes going in different directions. If broken you can pass or cross the broken yellow line. If it is solid you should not cross or pass over the solid line. If there is a solid and a broken yellow line you can only pass if the broken yellow line is on your side of the road or else passing is not permitted. C. White lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow: Separate lanes going in the same direction if broken you can pass or merge or cross the broken line. If solid you usually cannot cross over or should not pass or cross the solid line. Observe and describe the different signs in YOUR city. Give specific examples of each (include color, shape, what the sign is for, etc. ). A. A regulatory sign: Is a red and white square that tells you which regulations to follow. B. A motorist services sign: A sign indicates what services are off that exit for people driving motor vehicles. They are usually blue. C. A recreational sign: Are rectangular and brown the indicate historical and cultural interest along with state and federal parks. D. A sign that you know what it means because of its shape: A stop sign is an octagon and it's red.It means you're supposed to come to a complete stop before entering the intersection. *If each of the above signs do not appear in your town then describe any 3 different types you see in your community. 3. Explain 3 interesting or important facts from Module 3 and 4. A. An interesting fact is you can make a right turn on a red light after stopping and yielding for pedestrians and vehicles in your path. B. Another interesting fact is that you a flashing red light means the same thing as a stop sign. C. Another interesting fact is you can't pass solid double yellow l ines.

Summary of Acheiving Stop Tb Partnership Goals

Summary of â€Å"Achieving STOP TB Partnership Goals† The ultimate destruction of TB depends on the identification and treatment of all TB cases. Driving social factors such as poverty, immunosuppression, smoking, diabetes and poor health services make eradicating the current TB pandemic crucial in trying to control the epidemic. Current research has been focusing on early detection, treatment, and vaccination. The STOP TB Partnership was formed in May of 2000 by the World Health Assembly in efforts to reduce the number of people being infected by TB.However, â€Å"In 2006, the TB pandemic continued to kill 2 million people annually and was growing by 1% each year, despite the World Health Organization also known as WHO having declared it a ‘Global Emergency’ over a decade earlier. † The United Nations has even stated that the goal is to cut the number of TB deaths in half by the year 2015. This is a goal not so easily achieved considering the fact that an estimated 2 billion people are latently infected with tuberculosis worldwide. (Kupferschmidt 1) Tuberculosis is caused from a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. uberculosis is an obligate aerobe that grows in tissues with a high oxygenated content, such as the lungs. It is a slow growing bacteria that takes anywhere from 12 to 20 hours to generate. The cells are hydrophobic and have high lipid content in the cell wall and tend to clump together. TB is an airborne disease that is spread from person to person by coughing, sneezing, or speaking. Tuberculosis is diagnosed by a simple skin test that if positive will show a reaction to a small quantity of tuberculosis antigens. A positive confirmation can be made by a chest X-ray, and a microscopic examination of a sputum sample.A new significant development in TB diagnosis has been found in Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The Xpert MTB/RIF is made to detect DNA sequences specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance by polymerase chain reactions. The MTB/RIF test purifies concentrates and identifies targeted nucleic acid sequences in M. tuberculosis genomes which can take about 90 minutes to complete. MTB/RIF assay has met some of the minimum requirements of the governing groups, such as being easily administered by a low skilled technicians and operating in different temperatures with minimal requirement from the test operator.There has also been price reduction availability for countries with the pandemic. (Zumla 819) While MTB/RIF assay seemed to be the miracle answer for TB testing, it still falls short of the requirements set forth by the STOP TB Partnership. For example, the shelf life is half the expected 2 years, high cost of the machine and cartridges to run it and constant electricity make it difficult for key areas. Safe recycling of large amounts of cartridges also remains an environmental concern being that sputum and positive buffers are present in the used cartridges. (Zumla 822 )There are 11 new TB drugs on the horizon. Hopefully, by 2015 at least 2 of them will be released for public consumption. The current drug-susceptible TB treatment is the medication called Isoniazid or INH. INH is available worldwide, is relatively inexpensive and is generally well tolerated. INH is used to for latent tuberculosis infection to help kill the dormant bacteria and to reduce the risk of the infection becoming active tuberculosis later in life. This medication is taken for 6-9 months; where as the new drugs that are still in clinical trials would shorten this to 4 months.However, these unfortunately are not available yet. What are really needed to eradicate this disease are TB vaccines. The present TB Vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or BCG, is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis which was introduced in 1922. It is used primarily in children in countries outside the US. Not all administered BCG vaccines have been effective either, only helping with severe childh ood versions of TB (ex: disseminated and meningeal). As of 2011, at least 6 TB vaccine candidates were in preclinical trials, with 21 additional next generation candidates in the vaccine discovery phase.A more effective tool for the United States would be a post infection vaccine, due to the vast majority of cases being remote infections. This would nearly eradicate TB in the US. But, one has currently not been created. (Zumla 823) TB has plagued the human race for decades, only improving when social, economical, and general living conditions were bettered. Recent research continues to look for vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments. However, no new trial based vaccine has been introduced since BCG in the 1950’s.The STOP TB Partnership’s goal of lessening the yearly cases of infection by one million is admirable, but so much more needs to be done to control the spread of infection. More people need to be tested and become aware of what a huge problem it currently still is. People know about the disease but many people are not educated about the disease and what the symptoms are until it is too late and have probably already spread it to other people. Despite the years of effort that has been dedicated to TB research, the end still seems to be decades away. Works Cited Alimuddin Zumla, et al. Achieving STOP TB Partnership Goals: Perspectives On Development Of New Diagnostics, Drugs And Vaccines For Tuberculosis. † Tropical Medicine & International Health 16. 7 (2011): 819-827. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Alimuddin Zumla, et al. â€Å"Immunological Biomarkers Of Tuberculosis. † Nature Reviews. Immunology 11. 5 (2011): 343-354. MEDLINE with Full Text. Web. 24 Sept. 2012. Kupferschmidt, Kai. â€Å"Taking A New Shot At A TB Vaccine. † Science 334. 6062 (2011): 1488. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. â€Å"Tuberculosis† Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, 13 Mar. 2012 Web

Confucianism (Analects) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Confucianism (Analects) - Essay Example The practices vary and the divergence of understanding increase (Jacobs, 2012). Confucianism named after the founder Confucius aimed at uniting the people of China. It got adopted as a rule to bring together the people of china. The exams set on Confucianism took only 24 to 72 hours and any male could sit for the exam. It existed from 600 to 1900 era. Under Confucianism, the humanists control the affair of the country and thus the lack of performance by the government becomes lack of performance of the Confucianism. Confucianism has helped revive businesses eventually leading to the evolution of several achievements and thus the need for its revival (Branigan, 2009). However, the idea to revive Confucianism has not gone quite well with some of the citizens in China and thus many of the Chinese have opted resisting the religion. The Christians do not see this form of religion as Godly. As such, many have decided to resist it no matter what it can offer. The various teachings of Confucianism adopted by the Chinese people reflect on superstitions because they believe in a sculpture carving in the museum with no significant importance. Thus, the Christians have opted resisting its revival in the country (Confucius & Slingerland, 2006). Lunyu explains the relationship that exist when people come together and live as one. The morale and desire to embrace the virtues of the society should make one feel comfortable and part of the family (Jones, 1996). The devotion one has towards the service of ensuring unity determines those whoncan act as good family mamebers and those who cannot. If one can keep the virtues of their leaders, when in their presence, and when not in their presence, that means the person can turn out as a good family member. The commitment exhibited by Confucianism members give equal the commitment by anyone serving the state. This means solidarity must persist forever whether during

DO you believe the new attendance policy should be adopted Essay

DO you believe the new attendance policy should be adopted - Essay Example The proposed plan of the university of suspending students that are absent more than three times during a course is outrageous and detrimental to the student alumni. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reasons why the three absent policy should not be implemented by the university. Students are the customers of universities since they are the ones paying tuition to keep a university open. University students are spending time and money with a purpose in mind (Nytimes, 2010). If a student is not able to attend class for whatever reason the student realizes that he is hurting his chances to succeed, but the student as the client of the university has the right to be absent. The mandatory nature of this policy discriminates against the students of this university. Sometimes students face personal challenges such as a lack of transportation to reach school which inhibit their abilities to attend to every class. The proposed penalty associated with the three absent system is not fair because many students will become victims of this dictatorship policy. The university must reconsider this policy immediately because not doing so can cause major distress among the students. Psychological distress among students is an undesirable outcome that hurts the learning environment (Nauert, 2010). I am sure that the students of this university will not take this matter lightly. I expect major student revolt at this university because the proposed idea is discriminatory and it violates the rights of the students. The university should not go forward with its plan and should seek alternative solutions to find a more reasonable measure to improve overall attendance at the school. Good leaders identify the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative solution before making a decision (Cliffnotes, 2012). A potential compromise for the university to become stricter with attendance and protect the interest of the students is to create a policy that lowers the grade of

The significance of British Board of Film Classification in British Essay

The significance of British Board of Film Classification in British Film Industry - Essay Example From a social perspective, such contents are considered as inappropriate to some segments of the prospective audience, especially children. Thus, it becomes necessary to classify movies into certain categories so that the audience can be guided as to which movie is suitable for viewing by a specific group of individuals. In this context, it is relevant that viewing of inappropriate content, especially scenes depicting graphic sex or violence, frightening images and coarse language etc can negatively impact children who are in the developmental stage. Young children as well as teenagers also have a tendency to try or imitate what they view on the movie or TV screens. Besides, they also lack the maturity and intellectual as well as psychological faculties to take informed decisions about what is proper or distinguish the real from what they view on the screen. Therefore, from a sociological perspective, it becomes the responsibility of not only the parents but also the society and gove rnments to ensure that art forms do not expose children and teenagers to inappropriate content. Thus, movie rating or classification has come into practice, with a view to â€Å"help parents to protect children and teenagers from inappropriate contents† (Rating the Movies 2010). ... Therefore, a general need was felt to implement a standard procedure for classifying the movies being produced in Britain, through a single regulatory authority. Thus, the film industry of Britain instituted the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) in 1912, as an â€Å"independent, self financing not for profit media content regulator† (Mission Statement 2011), with a view to make them act as a trustworthy guide for the public in advising them about the suitability of the content for specific segments. This organisation has â€Å"exercised responsibilities over cinema† classification for about 100 years and for videos for about 27 years from 1985, pursuant to the Video Recording Act 1984, passed by the parliament (Student’s British Board of Film 2005, p. 1). According to their mission statement, they seek to function as a labelling service provider, for media content, whose main objectives are as under: - a) Prevent the public especially children, from exp osure to â€Å"content which might raise harm risks† (Mission Statement 2011). b) Help the public in general, and parents in particular to â€Å"make informed viewing choices† (Mission Statement 2011). c) To ensure that â€Å"adult freedom of choice† (Mission Statement 2011) is honoured while adhering to relevant laws on the subject. d) Take into the consideration the changes occurring in â€Å"social attitudes towards media content and respond to them through consultation with the public as well as appropriate research† (Mission Statement 2011). e) Working within statutory constraints to facilitate a â€Å"cost effective, efficient classification service† (Mission Statement 2011). f) Maintain a close rapport with the film

Professional resume and cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional resume and cover letter - Essay Example By having such a chance, I would be able to match my profession with my interests, which include serving the needy. During my extra curricular activities, I have established an interest of offering voluntary services to the needy in different health and special care facilities. In the process, I have obtained excellent professional skills that support an all-rounded delivery of services. Some of such personal strengths include interpersonal skills, leadership skills, initiative-taking skills, tolerance, and communication skills. In line with the requirements of a modern nursing professional, I believe that I meet several of what would be needed in my duties if my application were successful. For the above reasons and those contained in my resume, I believe that I am the right candidate for this job. I offer to make positive contributions and cooperation as required of me during the processing of my application. I would like to hear soon from the Corporation regarding the application for clarification. Attached is a section of my resume detailing on documents, certification and

Exploration Missions on Mars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploration Missions on Mars - Essay Example Exploration Missions on Mars In the contemporary world, there have been numerous missions and these have included the Mars Odyssey, the Mars Express, the Mars Exploration Rovers, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiters and the Mars Science Laboratories. They have been developed to ensure that further knowledge of the planet is increased and this to such an extent that there is contemplation concerning sending a manned mission to Mars. This report seeks to show the extent to which the recent missions to Mars, especially within the twenty first century, have increased human knowledge concerning this planet and whether they have been successes. The Mars Odyssey mission is one of the most important in the twenty first century because it was the first successful mission to be launched in the new millennium. The orbiter involved in this mission reached the orbit of Mars in 2001 where it was able, through its gamma ray spectrometer, to detect a significant amount of hydrogen on the Martian surface, which allowed scientists to speculate that there, must be large amounts of water on the planet in the form of ice (Boynton et al, 2004,). Furthermore, its Phoenix lander was instrumental in confirming that Mars indeed had water and that this would allow for the conditions necessary to sustain life. It is essential to note that it was through this mission that scientists were able to determine were able to confirm the presence of water on the planet in the form of ice and it allowed for there to develop speculation concerning whether the ice ever thawed.

Discuss the history and evolution, justifications for, and ultimate Essay - 1

Discuss the history and evolution, justifications for, and ultimate impact(s) of Canadian content regulations in Canadian radio and television broadcasting from the industrys inception to the present - Essay Example According to Allen (2009, p. 55), this is particularly based on the belief that ensuring Canadian programs on both the radio and television programs is an important way of maintaining and building the country’s culture and identity as well as promoting Canadians’ creativity. The Canadian content regulator CRTC has gone through a series of structural and functional changes beginning from the introduction of the regulations in the early 1920ss to the modern state instrument for content regulation. â€Å"To ensure that every element of Canadian Broadcasting system contributed towards the presentation of Canadian programming, the CRTC required that every broadcasting undertaking not only include certain Canadian services or content but also give them priority positioning†(Armstrong, 2010, p.109). Since the dawn of broadcasting, the Canadian broadcasting policy has always been to adapt to new technologies while at the same time ensuring that the system includes both private and public broadcasting, promotes Canadian content, reflects Canadian values, makes use of the reactive resources of Canada and is controlled by Canadians. This paper critically discusses the history and evolution, justification as well as the ultimate potential impact of the †˜Canadian Content’ regulations in Canadian radio and television broadcasting from the inception of the industry to the present. The history of the Canadian Content regulations dates back to the 1920s when the need to have a Canadian presence on the radio gradually arose as a way to counter the growing American influence on the radio and protect Canadian culture and identity (Armstrong, 2010). Although Canadian radio began licensing numerous commercial radio stations in 1922, the Federal government was increasingly concerned that many Canadian radio listeners were tuning to American stations while the

Healthcare Organization Process Improvement Report Term Paper

Healthcare Organization Process Improvement Report - Term Paper Example Ontario Telemedicine Network is recognized as one of the major and largest telemedicine networks worldwide. Access to Medicare for hundreds of other health care locations and patients in the hospitals takes place through videoconferencing. Delivery of health care services, meetings, and education is greatly facilitated through the Ontario network for both professionals and patients (Tesson, 2009). The major aim of establishing a scorecard for this organization is to help it improve in the delivery of its services by realizing the weaknesses that exists within its structures and strategic plan. As a telemedicine organization, it is also necessary to examine its cost benefit effectiveness among other unnecessary interaction between patients and physicians; otherwise, such interactions that may be considered ineffective to be reduced. The internal process and systems is of great essence for establishing the weaknesses in the system that would require improvement. Process improvement in any health care organization is aimed at ensuring the efficiency of services offered. The telemedicine structure and system could be lagging behind in certain aspects of performances (Tesson, 2009). The use of a balanced scorecard targets a complete streamlining of the system in order to improve performance towards efficiency. Ontario Telemedicine Network has its services spread across the province, with almost 600 members. These include public hospitals, physician offices; Family Health Teams, medical and nursing schools, nursing stations, Community Care access Centers, professional organizations, LHIN offices, First Nations Communities, Public Health, clinics, educational facilities, and Long-term care homes. The top leadership of Ontario Telemedicine includes the Chief Executive officer, who is also a member of many boards of health care organizations

Comparision between a dolls house and a glass menegarie Essay Example for Free

Comparision between a dolls house and a glass menegarie Essay Nora Helmer in â€Å"A Doll’s House† and Amanda Wingfield in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, are both iconic figures that play an important role in their respective plays. These characters are similar as well as different in comparison. Both Nora and Amanda are seen as a very good mother. They also are not in touch with the reality. The difference between Nora and Amanda is that Nora wanted the freedom from her husband, whereas on the other hand, Amanda felt helpless after she lost her husband. Another difference between Amanda and Nora is that Amanda does not really think about herself that much, whereas, Nora is very obsessed with herself. It is seen that Nora and Amanda are both, loving mothers. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, this is seen when Nora plays with her kids and talks in a child like manner with them. It is also seen when she think about the future and then says, â€Å"No, it’s quite impossible†. She says this after Krogstad had left, and after she had a conversation with Anne-Marie. Amanda is seen as a good and a loving mother when she thinks about the future for her daughter Laura. She tells Tom to find a good gentlemen for her, and tries to make a better future for them. Amanda has faith that some gentleman might come for Laura, which shows the confidence she has in her daughter. Amanda as well as Nora lives in a world where they are not really in touch with reality. For Amanda, when situations become bad, she recalls the days of her youth when she lived at Blue Mountain and had seventeen gentlemen callers in one Sunday afternoon. Indeed, this story has been told so often that it is no longer an illusion and instead has become a reality. She likewise indulges in playful games so as to escape the drudgery of everyday living. She tells Laura, You be the lady this time and Ill be the darky. She refuses to acknowledge that Laura is crippled and instead refers to her as having only a slight physical defect. She refuses to accept the fact that Tom is quite different from her and that he, like his father, will someday leave in search of adventures. This is seen when Tom views his life with his family and at the warehouse as a kind of coffin—cramped, suffocating, and morbid—in which he is unfairly confined. And finally, Amanda lives perpetually in the world of the gentlemen callers who will appear any day for Laura. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Nora thought that everything will work out the way she has planned. Nora lives in a very unrealistic world, where she behaves like a doll, and does all the unrealistic things. This is seen when she does not take her life seriously, like forging a signature, which in turn could lead to a lot of problems. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, in the end, we see that Nora leaves behind her house, her husband as well as her children, whom she loved a lot. This means that she is very selfish and only thinks about herself. According to Nora, she will be who she is if she leaves Torvald. She thinks that being with him, she is a completely different person, from reality. This is seen at the end, when Torvald gets to know the truth Whereas, on the other hand, it is completely opposite in â€Å"A Glass Menagerie† with Amanda. After she lost her husband, she felt completely helpless and did not know how to figure things out. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Nora is seen very self-obsessed, whereas, on the other hand, in â€Å"A Glass Menagerie†, Amanda does not really care about herself, and is seen more concerned about her children, and about their future. Nora considers herself like the most prettiest women and keeps on obsessing about herself and thinks about her own future the most. This is also seen when both, Nora and Amanda think that they have some lovers or gentlemen. The only difference between the both of them is that Nora knew that she did not have any lover, and she just dreamt of having one. Whereas, Amanda thought there were gentlemen for her, even though, in real, there weren’t any. Thus, in both these plays, â€Å"A Doll’s House†, and â€Å"A Glass Menagerie†, Nora and Amanda have similarities as well as differences. This similarity between both of them is that both of them care about their kids, and both of them are not in touch with reality. And the difference between them is that Nora finds freedom after leaving her husband, whereas, on the other hand, Amanda kind of feels handicapped after she lost her husband. Another difference seen between Amanda and Nora is that Nora is very self-obsessed, whereas Amanda is not.

Emotional Intelligence And Leaderships

Emotional Intelligence And Leaderships This essay discusses how emotional intelligence can affect leadership, through the fundamental function of decision making process, and lead to organisational effectiveness. For this purpose, Golemans, Boyatzis et al.s (2002) four key elements of emotional intelligence are employed, which are classified into twenty self and social focused competencies. A number of practical applications are described, explaining how emotional skills can affect leaders ability to achieve the desired outcome during the decision making process. We concluded that organisational effectiveness can benefit from the application of emotional intelligence on leadership skills, through the decision making process. Finally, we note some limitations such as the level of emotional intelligence and its accurate measurement. Keywords Emotional intelligence, leadership, decision making process Introduction Emotional intelligence was first introduced in the late 1980s (Mayer, Roberts, Barsade, 2008). Yet, one of the most controversial issues is how emotional intelligence as the new form of intelligence that concerns the interaction of thinking and feeling, can be employed on leadership and subsequently on organisational effectiveness (Goleman, 1998). There are several definitions and conceptions about leadership and its effectiveness. Until the 1980s, leadership effectiveness was measured by leaders cognitive ability to apply and develop effective strategies for complicated problem solving (Woods West, 2010). However, the last three decades leadership effectiveness due to its apparent social aspect is measured by leaders capability to influence, inspire and motivate followers. (Woods West, 2010). After further research, emotional intelligence evolved into a popular and useful tool for enhancing leadership effectiveness (Kerr, Garvin, Heaton, Boyle, 2006). In our essay we discuss how emotional intelligence through the application of individual and social skills on decision making process, can affect leadership efficiency and lead to organisational effectiveness (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). Given the fact that the leaders decisions play a central role in the organisational viability (Woods West, 2010), we consider that the implementation of emotional intelligence resources to the decision making process can contribute notably to the increase of organisational efficacy. Emotional intelligence The term of emotional intelligence was first formally introduced into academic literature in the decade of 1990 by Salovey and Mayer (Kerr, Garvin, Heaton, Boyle, 2006). Emotional intelligence is considered to be a dual dimensional theory that is focused on peoples self and social skills. That means that emotional intelligence concerns the humans ability of having an effective command of expressing, evaluating, managing emotions, communicating feelings and generating thought applied on individual and relationship based level (Salovey Mayer, 1990). It can be classified in two broad models: the ability based model and the mixed model. The ability model involves the abilities of conceiving and recognising the emotions, facilitating thoughts, understanding complex emotions and managing them (Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, 2000). Emotional intelligence links emotions and intelligence to someones perception for understanding the social environment (Grewal Salovey, 2005). Specifically: Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive accurately, appraise and express emotion; the ability to access and/or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to understand emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth (Mayer Salovey, 1997). The four branch model as mentioned above, links hierarchically the basic process of conceiving emotions to the advanced level of understanding them and is measured by MSCEIT [Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional intelligence Test; (Mayer, Caruso, Salovey, Sitarenios, 2003)]. Goleman (1995) introduced the mixed model of emotional intelligence that involves non innate talents but learnt competencies that significantly affect job performance (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). This kind of model mainly addresses leaders performance and provides dynamic outlines for becoming an effective leader. According to Goleman (2001) and Boyatzis et al (2000) the basic elements of the mixed model of emotional intelligence consist of self focused and social focused competencies. These are: self awareness, self management, social awareness and relationship management (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). Self awareness involves emotional self awareness, accurate self assessment and self confidence. The emotional self awareness is referred to the fact that someone is fully aware of his/her feelings and realise their impact. The accurate self assessment involves the knowledge of strengths and weaknesses and how they can be eliminated through gradual improvement. A highly self confident person is aware of his/her abilities, expressing strong confidence and being able to deal with difficult tasks (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). Moreover, the group of self focused competencies includes self management capabilities that concern emotional self control, transparency, adaptability, achievement, initiative and optimism. The emotional self control is referred to ones ability to setting impulsive emotions under control, while the transparency is associated with integrity and honesty. The adaptability entails flexibility and the ability to easily adjust to spontaneous changes, whereas achievement concerns the fulfillment of goals and targets. The initiative concerns ones ability to act alone holding responsibility for the consequences of his/her actions; the optimism entails seeing the positive aspect of the events and the future facts that might take place (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). The social focused competencies i.e. social awareness and relationship management determine the manner of managing followers. The social awareness includes empathy which means understanding ones concerns and emotional situation, organisational effectiveness which is referred to the efficiency of meeting organisational goals and service which has to do with the comprehension of followers requirements. The relationship management involves inspiration (generating motivations to the followers), influence, developing others (improving ones capabilities), change catalyst (leading an entirely new and innovative modification), conflict management (how to manage disagreements), building bonds (the ability of socialising and developing a network of new relationships) and teamwork (effective collaboration and co existence within the group) (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). Leadership and Emotional intelligence According to House et al (1999):Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Yukl, 2006). Some theorists argue that leadership is adjusted according to organisational environment and aims. Hersey and Blanchard (1982) claim, different situations require different kinds of leadership (Situational Theory of Leadership). On the other hand, Fiedlers Contingency Theory (1967) suggests that leadership effectiveness depends on the place, the time, the task and the situation (Arnold, Randal, al, 2010). In any case leadership through its dynamic dimension provides guidelines that can promote organisational effectiveness. By this term, it is meant profitability in financial terms, or organisations ability to equip employees with those skills necessary for performing business fully engaged with the organisational culture (Woods West, 2010). A leaders effectiveness depends on the manner of developing and enhancing followers skills and abilities. Personality characteristics in themselves do not make leaders inherently effective. What matters is how those characteristics are expressed to leaders behavior, and how that behavior is understood by others (Woods West, 2010). The Center for Creative Leadership (CCL), the worldwide known Work and Organisational Psychology Organisation, conducts research on what is effective leadership by highlighting the factors that lead to failure (derailing). Its study showed that even though there are common traits between those who succeeded and those who failed, certain characteristics seemed similar for their imminent failure. For example, managers promotion from lower levels of the organisation to upper ones, might lead to over-confident behavior (Woods West, 2010). At the organisational level, leadership is considered to be a mixture of behaviors, administrative abilities, traits and interactions that are driven by the circumstances and the organisational culture; the link among various departments in an organisation managed by the leader (Woods West, 2010). Considerable evidences in recent years note that social skills are vital for leadership performance (Prati, Ceasar, Ferris, Ammeter, Buckley, 2003). An efficiently oriented leader takes advantage of emotional skills and resources in terms of interaction, in order to achieve the optimal performance outcome (Wong Law, 2002). The emotional skills concern the social aspect of emotional intelligence during the interaction process (Riggio Reichard, 2008). Under these circumstances, leaderships outcome is considerably affected by a leaders ability to recognise and manage followers emotions in social interaction (George, 2000). This argument is supported by Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2002) wh o claim that emotional intelligence is fundamental for leadership effectiveness and specifically when it is applied on teams. Antonakis et al (2009) claim that leadership effectiveness is strongly linked to emotional intelligence when concerns the relationship development between the followers and the leader (Antonakis, Ashkanasy, Dasborough, 2009). Since leadership is considered an emotional process, the level of emotional intelligence in a leader plays a significant role in the effectiveness of social interaction with others. George J.M. (2000) in her article Emotions and leadership: The role of Emotional intelligence underlines that there are five basic elements of leadership that are positively correlated with the level of emotional intelligence. The five key elements of effective leadership as presented by the authors Conger Kanungo (1998), Lock (1991), Yukl (1998) are the following: Development of collective goals and objectives. Instilling in others a sense of appreciation and importance of work. Generating and maintaining enthusiasm, confidence, optimism, cooperation, and trust. Encouragement of decision making and change. Establishing and maintaining meaningful identity for the organisation. (George, 2000) Emotional intelligence is the spark that ignites a companys performance creating a bonfire of success or a landscape of ashes. (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). There has been research on the correlation between the level of emotional intelligence and the leadership effectiveness; results showed that ones level of emotional intelligence might play an important role to the leadership effectiveness (Kerr, Garvin, Heaton, Boyle, 2006). However, it is doubtful whether the ability to understand emotions and the ability to act effectively are inextricably linked or not (Kerr, Garvin, Heaton, Boyle, 2006). According to Rosete and Ciarrochi (2005), the higher level of emotional intelligence, the higher leadership effectiveness (Kerr, Garvin, Heaton, Boyle, 2006). Leaders with high level of emotional intelligence inspire, generate motivation to the followers and state greater job satisfaction (Scott-Ladd Chan, 2004). Emotional intelligence and decision making process It is common knowledge that organisations consist of several departments that interact in order to perform business. Koop (1995) claims that this interaction is managed by the decision makers (leaders) (Scott-Ladd Chan, 2004). Under these circumstances, we realise the importance of the decision making process and the impact of their outcomes on organisational effectiveness. The decision making process is classified in the following stages according to Simon (1986) Langley (1989): Rational economic model Definition of the issue. Identification of limiting factors (external and internal). Plan and development of potential alternatives. Evaluation of each alternative in terms of practicality and cost. Selection of the best alternative. Implementation of decision. (Huczynski Buchanan, 2007) The decision making process involves the decision maker and those that are affected by the decision. The decision maker is essential to take into account the people affected by the decision and determine an effective manner of interpreting it (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). Subsequently, the decision maker is required to make use of rationality and logic as well as of emotions. However, a controversial issue has been raised by some researchers. This is due to the fact that they consider that the best decisions are made in the absence of emotions. According to Stanovich and West (2000), the shift from emotional thinking to rationality can entail better decisions. They suggested that emotional functions may be substituted and replaced by logic in the aim of enhancing the quality of decisions. By contrast, others claim that the ability to have a good command of ones emotions is an advantage for the decision maker (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). Actually, there is no wrong perception of the key factors of the decision making process. What matters most, is to take into consideration the possible impact that emotions might have on the decision making process and the quality of decisions (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). Research on emotional intelligence and decision making process Sevdalis et al (2007) in the article Trait emotional intelligence and decision related emotions explain that emotions are evident during the decision making process (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). They suggest that differences in trait emotional self-efficacy can affect the way the individuals experience the impact of the decision (Sevdalis, Petrides, Harvey, 2007). Also, Mellers et al (1999) concluded that the emotions people experience from the impact of a decision, can affect their future attitude and behavior (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). Winter and Kuiper (1997) underlined that every person has a different perception of the emotions experienced whereas, Jordan and Troth (2004) noted that there is a significant difference on the effectiveness of emotional intelligence when the decision making process concerns individual or team tasks accordingly (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). They concluded that individuals with high level of emotional intelligence as members of a team are more likely to come up with better solutions, without the fear of making mistakes (Frye, Bennett, Caldwell, 2006). Studies in PDM (participation in decision making process) have shown that emotionally intelligent employees who are involved in the decision making process contribute to organisations effective response to continuous changes. But, organizations are supposed to clarify to the employees the reason, the way and the degree of their participation in the decision making process resulting in greater commitment and benefits for both employee and employers. Nevertheless, the clear definition of boundaries in the participation of decision making process improves the quality of decision outcomes which depends either on the purpose for implementing PDM or on how efficiently it is implemented (Scott-Ladd Chan, 2004). The contribution and application of emotional competencies to leaders as decision makers Since the decision making process involves stages that are addressed both to brain and emotional function, it is necessary to understand the impact of the application of emotional intelligence on decision makers and the potential outcome. According to Hess Bacigalupo, (2011) no considerable research has been conducted for the practical interaction between behavior and emotional intelligence during the decision making process on both individual and group basis. In their paper, they develop a methodology based on a number of practical applications of emotional intelligence skills on the decision making process that could be useful and beneficial for individuals and organizations development. For this purpose, the model of Goleman (2001) and Boyatzis et al (2000) is applied, as it concerns individual and interpersonal skills, which are both crucial and determinative for the decision making process (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). The group of the skills mentioned, involves self awareness, sel f management, social awareness and relationship management (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). In the organisational environment, the leader plays the role of the decision maker. Taking advantage of the competencies of emotional intelligence, the possibilities for making an effective decision are increased. The individuals skills i.e. self awareness and self management enable the leader (decision maker) to acknowledge his/her weaknesses, recognise the possible influence that can have on the followers and boost his/her confidence. Why is this so important? Because, it helps the leader to foresee the different aspects of followers vision as well as their reactions and communicate effectively the decision (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) claimed that leaders and followers share control during the decision making process that is based on the assumptions they have formed for the amount of control they possess (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). A strongly efficient leader is supposed to achieve balance during the decision making process; he/she should guide th e discussion appropriately, act as a consultant encouraging the information exchange and the increase of comprehension as well. At this stage, emotional intelligence competencies can be applied, so that the leader can regulate the allocation of control among the parties creating a climate of cohesion. Though, emotional intelligence application is as important as in the case of sharing responsibility for inappropriate decisions. An emotional intelligent leader not only welcomes the commendations of good decisions but also holds responsible for bad decisions (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). This reinforces leaders integrity and reliability, necessary elements for establishing a climate of trust and honesty in an organisation. Moreover, through the self control the leader can develop the skill of controlling emotions and impulses i.e. stress tolerance, which derive from time pressure and unexpected changes in the organisational environment. The ability to manage time pressure and suppress neg ative emotions is considered of utmost importance, as it enables leaders to establish the appropriate climate for making decisions and avoid misjudgments that can have an adverse impact on organisational effectiveness (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011; Goleman,Boyatzis et al, 2002). Likewise, emotional social focused skills i.e. empathy, organisational awareness, conflict management, change catalyst, teamwork and others, are highly important when they are implemented by the leader in an attempt to achieve effective consensus of team decision making. On the grounds that most times the decision is addressed on employees, with different values and beliefs, the leader should be able to manage diversity through the skills of empathy and conflict management. Furthermore, organisational awareness enables a leader as a decision maker, to make decisions that comply with the organisational status and determine the appropriate processes. On the basis of service orientation, decisions that are related to the customers needs and satisfaction are highly appreciated within the organisational environment and add value (profitability) to the image of the organisation. Last but not least, the decision making process involves active participation and constant interaction among me mbers; emotionally intelligent leaders taking advantage of this fact can not only enhance the quality of teamwork and promote relationship development, but also ignite and stimulate followers initiative, motivation and commitment (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011; Goleman,Boyatzis et al, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, the leader through the application of emotional intelligence can empower followers and establish cohesion among them during the decision making process. This allows to the leader to improve the quality of decision making process increasing the organisations potential for effectiveness (Hess Bacigalupo, 2011). However, we should not overlook a range of factors that can limit emotional intelligence efficiency on organisational basis; queries such as Can emotional intelligence affect negatively the organisational effectiveness if it is excessively high? or Could it be accurately measured? (Fiori Antonakis, 2011) are considered to be crucial and part of future further research on emotional intelligence.

All Russia is Burning :: essays research papers

Cathy Frierson's All Russia is Burning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Cathy Frierson’s All Russia is Burning, Frierson evaluates rural fire as peasant against peasant issue in Imperial Russia. Her research redirects the historian away from usual templates of Soviet and Western scholars. These scholars had only studied these conflagrations in regards to the peasants rebellion against the nobility which ultimately lead to the Bolshevik Revolutions. Here she not only addresses the causes of rural fires, but also the realities with which they were connected. She clearly investigates the haphazard role of the government and the zemstvos (insurance agency) that shed a light in the long tunnel out of road of fire that never seemed to end. Frierson clearly shows that Russia’s economic issues were caused by the peasants themselves and by the lack of government action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frierson first explains to the historian the women’s relationship with fire and how women came to be seen as one of the causes of Russia’s backwardness. A peasant woman’s life revolved around fire. She ran the stove and tended to the fire inside all day. Frierson makes it clear that women knew fire well, as it was women’s view that they were in harmony with it. The educated elite saw peasant women differently. â€Å"It was they (women) whose individualistic greed, ignorant superstitions, and female conspiracies undermined the idyllic village† (Frierson 38). Her point though is that they, as many people are, were simply careless. The general idea of women then was not much different from the present in that they were seen as emotional and, in fights, vengeful. In introducing women as such right away, Frierson reveals why women became the object of ridicule and responsibility for rural fire and uses this idea throughout the rest of the book. She continues to use many good examples through out the entirety of the book supporting this case. Women in may cases literally and figuratively fueled the fire. In more cases than not women were found to be the culprit to accidental and arson fires making them a center stone in the study of rural fires. Even though it is plausible that women may have contributed to rural fire, ultimately it was not solely their fault as the educated elite may have thought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frierson then discusses religion, which is closely tied to peasant superstitions of fire. In Orthodox Russia, fire was never far from religion. There were festivals for St.

Essay --

Joseph J. Ellis: Founding Brothers Founding Brothers a collection of stories by Joseph J. Ellis that discusses various events following the American Revolution and their impact on the budding Republic. The first theme talks about all key individuals that had a conglomerate of personalities and ideologies among the founding fathers. Because of this, it balanced the government and prevented one over arching outlook from sculpting the new government. This can easily transition into the second theme by Ellis. Despite the fact that this group of minds behind the birth of our government, had many different passionate perceptions on how said government be formed, they were still bound by close personal relationships. The second theme is present throughout the entire book. Especially in â€Å"The Dinner†, which I will discuss in more detail later on. Many of the important decisions early on were not only deliberated in public, but were also debated and contested in private at meetings and dinner parties. In the third theme, it was in their culminating interest to sweep slavery under the rug. Even though they knew it was an important issue, they also knew bringing it to public would wreak havoc on the new but feeble government. In the fourth theme, Ellis illustrates how the founding fathers used the advantages described in the previous themes to romanticized the interactions they had. They were very intelligent men who knew what kind of decisions they implemented would be important moments in history. They used their personal relationships in private meetings to shape how future generations would view them and the new government. They had specific control over how the events would be recorded. This made it easy for them to embellish wh... ...after the dinner conversation had ended. Jefferson was able to make â€Å"The Dinner† appear as though he brought Madison and Hamilton together for one fateful meeting that would determine the outcome of two of the most high profile decisions made in early government. Though the full scope wasn't probably apparent, Jefferson had a way of ensuring these types of meetings would universally be looked back on the way he wanted. Many of the discussions leading up to the dinner conversation were conveniently tucked away. This made the dinner conversation out to be much more important and decisive than it probably actually was. Ellis repeatedly touches these three themes throughout â€Å"The Dinner† to illustrate how much personal relationships, ideas, personalities, and presumed control affected the way our government was formed, and how we view the process as it took place.

capital punishment :: essays research papers

Capital Punishment and Deterrence Abstract Capitol Punishment has been around since the beginning of mankind; eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth. Since then the public have debated for or against capital punishment revolving around issues of deterrence, retribution, discrimination and Irreversibility. Leaving us with the responsibility to analyze the factors surrounding capital punishment. A number of studies have also been done specifically on the deterrent effects of capital punishment. Many officials believes that capital punishment not only prevent s the offender from committing additional crimes but deters others as well. The research of Franklin E. Zimring and Gordon J. Hawkins demonstrated that punishment is an effective deterrent for those who are criminally inclined. Another research has been to examine murder rates in given areas both before and after an execution. Clear and cole(2000) have examined more than 200 studies evaluating the effectiveness of the death penalty in deterring crime. A recent study found that a significant deterrent effect is associated with the increased use of capital punishment since 1977 ( Dezhbakhsh, Rubin and Shepherd, 2001). Michael Radelet and Ronald Akers attempted to determine if having the Death Penalty indeed act as a deterrent on criminal homicide. Is the theory of â€Å"Just Deserts† (Bedau, 1978; Finckenenauer, 1998) in anyway credible? It is also often argued that death is what murderers deserve, making criminals reap what they sow. Most believe that in order to assure deserts, the punishment should always fit the crime. It would require us to rape rapists, torture torturers, and inflict other horrible and degrading punishment on offenders. It would require us to betray traitors and kill multiple murderers again and again, punishments impossible to inflict. ( Bedau 1978). However the principle of just deserts is understood to require that the severity of punishments must be proportional to the gravity of the crime, and that murder being the gravest crime deserves the severest punishment, then the principle is no doubt sound. But it does not compel support for the death penalty. What it does require is that crimes other than murder be punished with terms of imprisonment or other deprivations less severe than those used in the punishment of murder. Criminals no doubt deserve to be punished, and punished with severity appropriate to their culpability and the harm they have caused to the innocent. But severity of punishment has its limits -- imposed both by justice and

Black People and Birdie Essay

In her novel Caucasia, Danzy Senna paints the image of a young bi-racial girl, Birdie, growing up in the 70’s and 80’s. Her mother is a white, blueblood Bostonian woman turned political activist, and her father is a black Boston University professor with radical ideas about race. Birdie and her older sister Cole are both bi-racial children, but Cole looks more black and Birdie looks more white. The two sisters are separated early in the novel and then the rest of the story focuses on Birdie and how she needs to â€Å"pass† as white. Passing is the ability of a person to be regarded as a member of social groups other than his or her own, such as a different race, ethnicity, social class, or gender, generally with the purpose of gaining social acceptance. Birdie’s existence is the ultimate experiment on how to pass. She is first asked to pass as black at Nkrumah, even though she doesn’t fit the profile of a black child. Then she is taken to New Hampshire and asked to be the opposite of what she’d been before- a white Jewish girl. Senna introduces Birdie to all different versions of the races she is torn between, and none of them seem to fit quite right. Through Birdie, Senna is making the point we see that there is no one size fits all version of any race. Birdie is exposed to many different ideas of what it means to be black while she’s younger, even though the general idea of the time was very specific. All of the adults around her are busy preaching this idea of The Black Person, but they are showing her all different versions of what that really means. The first impression she gets of a black person is her father who â€Å"in the past year had discovered Black Pride and†¦ was trying to purge himself of his ‘honkified past’†(10). Deck is an intellectual; he studied at Harvard and is a professor at Boston University. However by the time his daughters are old enough to really start understanding things, he has gotten caught up in the idea of The Black Person, saying things about his sister like â€Å"she sleeps with these white boys, then acts surprised when they don’t take her home for dinner. I told her, these ofays just want their thirty minutes of difference†(10). He’s telling his daughters that the way to truly be black is to have no association with white people, which is a direct contradiction of his own life and something that is impossible for them to do given their genealogy. He’s telling them there’s no way for them to be the ideological black person. Then the girls go to Nkrumah, a black power school. This school is supposed to be about owning your race and being proud of being black, but Birdie isn’t initially accepted well because she’s not ‘black enough’. The way she becomes more accepted is through her sister, but also because she assimilates to the idea of black culture that her school has. She reads Ebony magazine, speaks in a specific slang, dresses differently and does her hair in a braid to hide it’s smoothness. At Nkrumah, she tries to live as though she doesn’t have a white mother. However, that’s not who she is. She says that she â€Å"learned the art of changing at Nkrumah, a skill that would later become second nature†(62). She’s acknowledging here that this all black persona isn’t who she is. She’s simply changing, pretending. Pretending is what Birdie has to do for most of this book, but as she gets older instead of needing to pass as black, she needs to instead adopt a new identity as Jesse Goldman, a Jewish white girl. She maintains in her mind that she is black, and is just pretending with her white half. While using this persona, and having the mindset that she is just gathering information on whiteness, Birdie gets painted a picture of different types of white people. In an authoritative sense, Birdie gets ideas about being white from her mother and her mother’s boyfriend Jim. Jim is the type of white man who likes to act like he’s liberal until it comes down to real world circumstances. After causing a scene with some young black men, Jim says â€Å"I swear, I try to be liberal. I try really, really hard. But when you meet fucking punks like that, you start to wonder. I mean, Jesus, what did we do to deserve that? We’re on their side and they don’t even know it† (265). Jim is the white man who sees his liberality as a gift instead of a belief. Birdie says about this that â€Å"it scared me a little†¦. how easily they could become cowering white folks, nothing more, nothing less† (264). To contrast these this very negative views of what it means to be white, Birdie also has her mother as a model. Despite coming from an upper class, white family and the struggles that she has with that, Sandy is a white person who firmly believes in equality, even if she may take it to extremes. She tells her daughters â€Å"that politics weren’t complicated. They were simple. People, she said, deserved four basic things: food, love, shelter, and a good education† (22). This is the opposite from what Birdie has seen in other white people. Her mother doesn’t revert to racism or abandon her views when it comes time for her to uphold them. Finally, Birdie befriends the most racist girls in school saying it’s because â€Å"there was a safety in this pantomime. The less [she] behaved like [herself], the more [she] could believe that this was still a game†(233). However, as much as she’d like to say she’s acting, she assimilates to this culture just like she did the black culture at Nkrumah; â€Å"I was a New Hampshire girl now†¦we dressed identically: cutoff jean short, halter tops that exposed our tan bellies, and jelly shoes on our feet† (244-245). This version of being white was a skin Birdie could slide on easily, even if she didn’t really want to. The only thing that shocks her out of the comfort she’s fallen into in this identity is the fact that another half black girl recognizes that she’s not fully white; â€Å"I’m black, like you† (286). None of these ideas about race fit Birdie. She cannot exactly fit into a version of what it means to be white because that’s not the only part of who she is. She also cannot be fully black, not only because she has light skin but also because that’s not the only part of her heritage that exists. Birdie is the perfect example of how multidimensional race is. There is no one way to be black and there is no one way to be white. Race isn’t one size fits all.

Green Revolution Essay

Interaction between humans and the environment has always had a great importance in the development of humankind; according to Marx, what differentiates humans from other animals is the fact that humans can transform their surroundings to suit their needs, through labor. The Green Revolution is not the exception to that. In times of need the human being manipulated its environment to be suitable for its development, however, the question lingers, how efficient was it, how positive? The Green Revolution, from 1945 to the present, was motivated by the need to increase the production of food to supply for the increasing demand as population grew, to promote national self-sustainability in terms of food. However, during that period the effect of the Revolution have been detrimental to the environment and society: they have damaged agricultural diversity and heritage, damaged the lands, and put at risk food security; also, they have widened the gap between the very rich and the very poor, monopolizing the food industry. The Green Revolution originated after an urgent need to promote food security with a growing trend in global population, as a way to promote self-sustainability and independence. As it is clear in the report given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (DOC 2), in the period ranging from around 1929 (great depression) and 1945 (end of World War II) the global food supply index was below the world population. What this means is that there was literally not enough food being produced world wide to feed the world population. This struggle of human kind to stay afloat in supplying the minimum needs for survival meant that a change needed to occur. The answer, as Dr. Norman Borlaug stated in his Nobel Lecture (DOC 4) was not simply planting more in the developing nations, since the lands in those areas were â€Å"tired, worn out, depleted of plant nutrients†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clearly, what the document refers is that a new, more effective way of growing food had to be developed. In fact, Dr.Borlaug states that the priority of the developments of the green revolution concentrated in the millions that were lurked by hunger, a large problematic that clearly was under the spotlight. As a proof that the world was prioritizing the deficient food supply is the statement given by President Harry Truman (DOC 3). President Truman was the leader of the most powerful nation in the world at the time, the one with the largest technological developments, and his word was the one that would set the course of the world. This particular speech is vital, since it is the inaugural speech, where he was to set the priorities of the government and address the world with what the United States had as a course for the future. In this speech, he clearly refers to the shocking figure that â€Å"more than half the people of the world are living in conditions approaching misery† and says that the United States will help provide â€Å"technical knowledge†¦ to produce more food† In the speech President Truman refers often to liberty, thus meaning that self-sustainability will provide freedom. This speech is the perfect example, the jewel of the trend that the world was seeing with regard to prioritizing food. The mention of â€Å"technical knowledge† is vital in the construction of the green revolution as a response to the lack of food, with technological developments in the agricultural field. Some have said that the Green Revolution has been a success in improving the food industry, and improving living conditions for everyone; nevertheless the numbers today reflect a mediocre success. Indian minister for food and agriculture (1964-1967) states in an interview (DOC 5) that the farmers of the state of Punjab competed to use the technology that was introduced by the green revolution the best. It is stated with a positive connotation, as to refer to the great feats of Punjab. This seems very positive, however, the most likely reason for this to have occurred is the fact that multinational corporations were kicking them out of the market and they were forced into utilizing the technology that those same corporations were imposing on them. If this were true, which it most likely is, as it has happened in many places around the world, it would discredit the great success that the Green Revolution supposedly is. Furthermore, the claim is that the Green Revolution has brought prosperity, however, to whom, to the ones that were rich already? A perfect example of this negative impact of the Green Revolution is the conversation between Mrs. Dula and the United Nations official (DOC 6), which gives a not very realistic perspective of the impact of the green Revolution and is concentrated exclusively in the sector of the very rich. This document is indeed quite revealing, as the speaker is an aristocratic woman of Mexico, probably a housewife who sees the world through the optic of his husband, a man who earns a salary if the revolution which he works for is successful; in fact, she is most likely part of one of the clubs she talks about herself. The occasion of this statement is a simple conversation with a UN official, probably at some sort of a social event, where the high class is all joined together, with perfectly slanted people who are not really analyzing the global impact of the Green Revolution. This document gives a crystal clear proof of how much the Green Revolution has made the â€Å"rich Mexican farmers† richer probably at the expense of making the poor laborers, poorer, however, this document presents only one, very bright point of view to sell the revolution. With regards to India once again, socially, they sell the idea of improvement, like in the report of the State of Punjab (DOC 9) where it says that the Green Revolution has seen with it the â€Å"emergence of middle and rich peasants† a very undesirable euphemism to conceal the actual situation. This document seems to give a perspective of social growth and development, of a population going for education, yet once again, it seems very idealistic in its tone, when in reality India has totally different conditions. With regards to that, India has one of the largest Gini index’s in the world, meaning a huge social inequality, and has one of the smallest middle classes in the world, which has diminished even more throughout the years, meaning that in reality, India may have had a somewhat positive year, but the general trend is of a very pronounced downturn in social progress, all related to the Green Revolution which is destroying the small farmers. The Green Revolution, in truth has brought more ill than it has brought good, in the environmental and social aspects. Regarding environmental harm, the FAO Wheat Yield report (DOC 1) is very good in demonstrating the introduction of massive scale crops that the Green Revolution brings forth with it. The introduction of these crops damages the lands since they are not prone to such production. The graphs show that in both Mexico and India the crop yields were extremely irregular, and as time passed they have become even more, this is due to the fact that they are not proper to those areas and its planting is something totally synthetic and with complete disrespect towards the natural balance. The article by Dr. Vandana Shiva (DOC 8) reveals how much damage the crops, especially Genetically Modified Organisms; do to the land they are planted in. The â€Å"reduced genetic diversity, increased vulnerability to pests, soil erosion, water shortages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are effect that will leave marked the land for a long time, as Dr. Shiva states, and are a threat to future generations, which will have totally barren land where it will be impossible to plant food. Dr. Shiva also refers to the social problematic that the Green Revolution is planting alongside its seeds. For instance the fight for water to provide irrigation, previously not needed in India, has lead to â€Å"conflict and violence† and as it has become a worldwide trend, the career for water dominance is â€Å"leading to both local and interstate water conflicts. † This clearly shows how disadvantageous the spread of the Green Revolution has been, since it has brought unmeasured changes that have not been made responsibly, but rather abruptly, causing enormous damage. Dr. Shiva is an Indian Physicist, and being from India she probably has had a very direct contact with the Green Revolution, considering that one of its birthplaces was in fact the State of Punjab. In this occasion she is writing for the Ecologist magazine, a publication read by people with primary interest in the environmental issues, including organization leaders and maybe politicians who will probably get concerned, especially due to the tone of annoyance and hatred that she employs in the article. Expanding on social implications, the Guatemalan National Coordinating Committee of Indigenous peasants (DOC 10) gives a different perspective. Although it may sound somewhat as mysticism from indigenous people, saying that they have contaminated the seeds is not a joke, considering the hormones that can be found in GMO plantations. This also acknowledges a vital issue, the loss of diversity and heritage that society is killing with the systematic Green Revolution trends, like the Mayan traditions, which have been present for â€Å"five thousand years. Furthermore, the social disaster does not stop there, but stumbles over women, which according to the FAO Newsletter (DOC 7) have been forced to change their job. In this case the implications have made woman, traditionally in other roles, have even less opportunities to succeed, as the increased need for cash income made the woman be forced to work. This implies a social catastrophe since it denies the right of woman to equal opportunities, which are stripped off with the Green Revolution, which makes them simply one more laborer forced to work. Additional to the information presented in the documents it would be vital to contain the point of view of a small scale male farmer that has to compete with the multinational corporations, which have been installed after the start of the Green Revolution circa 1945. This would be important since it would show the first hand effects of the monopolies that the Green Revolution has brought, with regards to the social impact it has made, and whether that impact is positive or negative. As discussed throughout the essay, the Green Revolution, which has lasted from 1945 until the present day, was originated with a need to secure food production in a starving world. However its effects were not so positive, since today many starve, and the Green Revolution has damaged the environment and widened the gap between the social classes. The setup of crops that have give no benefit to the places in which they are grown, with complete disregard to the ecological balance that was being destroyed have caused issues ranging from soil erosion to water shortages and crops with pest vulnerability. The Green Revolution has also made the rich farmers richer at the cost of the poor being poorer, since the costs of the new technologies are not easily accessible, but the yields that they provide take the small farmers out of business. In general, although certain governments sponsor the Green Revolution and make it seem positive, it has brought about large changes in the way humans interact with the environment, with a generalized destruction of it to get short-term solutions to the problem of food shortages.

Chapter 4 Case Problem Hamilton County

To: County Newspaper From: Amber Vlaminck Date: October 5, 2012 Subject: Hamilton County Judges Introduction In this analytical Report we will be analyzing and evaluating the performance of judges of Hamilton County, based on the amount of cases that were appealed. We will be counting appealed cases as mistakes that have been committed by the judges. In this report, will we go through and determine which judges in the county are making too many mistakes. 1. The probability of a case in Hamilton County being appealed and reversed in Common Pleas Court .04462 Domestic Relations Court .00403292Municipal Court .005556867 2. The probability of a case being appealed for each judge Common Pleas Court JudgeProbability of case appealed * Fred Cartolano. 04511 * Thomas Crush . 03529 * Patrick Dinkelacker . 03497 * Timothy Hogan . 03071 * Robert Kraft . 04047 * William Mathews . 04019 * William Morrissey. 03991 * Norbert Nadel . 04427 * Arthur Ney Jr. .03883 * Richard Niehaus . 04085 * Thomas N urre. 04033 ? * John O'Connor?. 04344 * Robert Ruehlman. 04524 * ? J. Howard Sundermann . 06283 * Ann Marie Tracey?. 04043 * Ralph Winkler . 02848 Domestic Relations Court JudgeProbability of case appealedPenelope Cunningham. 002565 Patrick Dinkelacker. 003166 Deborah Gaines. 005455 Ronald Panioto. 002467 Municipal Court JudgeProbability of case appealed Mike Allen. 006993 ?Nadine Allen. 004352 Timothy Black . 005155 David Davis?. 005558 Leslie Isaiah Gaines. 006626 Karla Grady. 001142 Deidra Hair?. 001975 Dennis Helmick . 003671 Timothy Hogan . 005633 James Patrick Kenney . 002144 Joseph Luebbers . 005321 William Mallory . 004591 Melba Marsh. 004137 ?Beth Mattingly . 004376 Albert Mestemaker. 005628 Mark Painter?. 003126 Jack Rosen. 005263 ?Mark Schweikert. 006108 David Stockdale?. 004096 John A. West . The Probability of the Case being Reversed for each judge Common Pleas Court JudgeProbability of case reversed * Fred Cartolano . 003951 * Thomas Crush . 002966 * Patrick Dinkelacke r . 006359 * Timothy Hogan . 003582 * Robert Kraft . 002231 * William Mathews. 007951 * William Morrissey . 007256 * Norbert Nadel. 006759 * Arthur Ney Jr.. 004349 * Richard Niehaus. 004772 * Thomas Nurre. 002192 * ? John O'Connor. 004042 * ? Robert Ruehlman. 005616 * ? J. Howard Sundermann Jr. 010471 * . Ann Marie Tracey. 004139 * ? Ralph Winkler . 001942 Domestic Relations Court JudgeProbability of case reversedPenelope Cunningham. 000366 Patrick Dinkelacker. 000667 Deborah Gaines. 001023 Ronald Panioto. 000231 Municipal Court JudgeProbability of case reversed Mike Allen. 000651 ?Nadine Allen . 000768 Timothy Black. 000754 David Davis?. 000646 Leslie Isaiah Gaines. 002461 Karla Grady0 Deidra Hair? 0 Dennis Helmick . 000633 Timothy Hogan. 000867 James Patrick Kenney . 000357 Joseph Luebbers. 001703 William Mallory. 001087 Melba Marsh. 000852 ?Beth Mattingly. 000337 Albert Mestemaker. 001809 Mark Painter. 001341 ?Jack Rosen?. 001669 Mark Schweikert. 001111 David Stockdale. 000745 ?J ohn A. West. 000715 4.The probability of reversal given an appeal for each judge Common Pleas Court Probability of reversal given Judgean appeal Fred Cartolano| 0. 08759124| Thomas Crush| 0. 08403361| Patrick Dinkelacker| 0. 18181818| Timothy Hogan| 0. 11666667| Robert Kraft| 0. 05511811| William Mathews| 0. 19780221| William Morrissey| 0. 18181818| Norbert Nadel| 0. 15267176| Arthur Ney Jr. | 0. 11200000| Richard Niehaus| 0. 11678832| Thomas Nurre| 0. 04958678| John O'Connor| 0. 09302326| Robert Ruehlman| 0. 12413793| J. Howard Sundermann Jr. | 0. 16666667| Ann Marie Tracey| 0. 1023622| Ralph Winkler| 0. 06818182| | | | |

Impact of the European Economic Crisis

What determines whether or not a resource is scarce? Why is the concept of scarcity important to the definition of economics? The determination of whether a resource is scarce is its supply in relation to demand such as land, labor capital and human capital. If there is not sufficient amount of resource to satisfy the demands, then resources are set to be scarce. On the other hand if supply exceeds it demand, then the resource is not scare not only that if the supply of a goods or service is low, the market price will rise, providing there is sufficient demand from consumers. Goods and services that are in plentiful supply will have a lover market value because supply can easily meet the demand from consumer. However there is excess supply in a market, then we can expect to see price fall. The concept of scarcity is because in order to differentiate good in relation to the market, because of the scarcity of resources we need an economic system to determine where and who gets the resources. In capitalism it is the free market system that determines this. In socialism the government owns the resources and determines who gets them. . In the coordinate system of graphs, there are two main relationships between two variables. With the use of numerical examples, describe these two relationships. The two variables is positive means when two variables changes in the same direction and negative means when two variables changes in opposite directions, the relationship is when one variable rises the other variable falls. Positive relations is to say the I need to ex ercise 5 hrs a week to loss 2lbs so the next week I will have to work 10 hrs a week to loss 4lbs and 15 hrs to loss 6lbs so on. Negative is buy 1 CD for $5 and when you by three it is 10 so you will pay $3. 33 for one CD on so on . 3. Why is choice important in economics? What are the costs of choice? Choice is important in economics because of is the scarcity of goods in the marketplace. Scarcity means that goods are limited in the marketplace, and consumers must choose wisely which items they will purchase to meet their needs or wants. Consumers will place an internal value on goods they purchase partly based on the available amount of the good. Scarcer goods will force consumers to purchase these items first, making the economic choice easier for them. Cost choice is the value given up when choosing to purchase one item over another. The item not purchased represents an opportunity cost, the second-best item available, that the consumer lost purchasing a different item. For example you have to buy $100 worth of groceries but you only have 75, so you decide to forgo and buy the necessary basic food item that is needed like bread, milk, water, etc. The Role of Choice in Economics | How. com  http://www. ehow. com/about_5398568_role-choice-economics. html#ixzz1jBKaEUeF

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One is the foreign school catering exclusively to expatriates, which can be wholly foreign owned and the investor need not be an education entity. The other is a co-operative arrangement or twinning with a Chinese institution where local students are the target markets. These schools are encouraged to provide vocational education. Foreign investors must have a Chinese partner who can lodge an application with the local education authorities for approval. Processed Food As Chinese become more prosperous, demand for more sophisticated products, with a greater emphasis on quality, convenience and freshness continues to grow. This means that significant unsatisfied demand for richly processed foods exists. There has always been a stable market for imported foods in China, especially in respect to hotels, bars and western style restaurants. Increasingly, Chinese consumers themselves are becoming to lay great stress on brand and brand loyalty than before. This means that companies with a strong international brand and aggressive marketing strategies continue to hold large market shares. Foreign companies that have been given permission by the Chinese government to set up supermarket chains include Yaohan, Wellcome, Parkson, Park N Shop, Careful, Pricemart and CHC. These companies are setting up supermarkets in a limited number of locations. Wine Wine is especially popular in the large cities of China (Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) and has great potential given the increasing disposable income of local people, the health benefits of drinking wine and the government campaign against grain-based alcoholic drinks. However, many Chinese have little knowledge of table wine, and few people can differentiate quality and appreciate the taste. With this in mind, and excellent promotional tool could be wine appreciation and information courses to educate food and beverage managers, restaurant owners and waiters. This would also attract high-income earners and may ultimately stimulate the consumption of quality wine. The Chinese wine market is price sensitive and consequently locally manufactured wine holds the largest market share. French companies are active in setting up joint venture either growing grapes and manufacturing wine or bottling bulk-imported wine. Better quality wine is limited to hotels and restaurants and consumed mostly by Western diners. To successfully sell wine in China, local bottling of bulk-imported wine is considered the most economical and practical way to supply the local market with a competitively priced product. The opportunities arise from rapid economic growth in the worlds largest market and the availability of a cheap manufacturing base from which to sell to China and the world. From a manufacturing perspective, China in the long run will be distinguished by its overall business strength and structure, including the huge investments made to ensure China has a modern competitive manufacturing sector. All businesses need to be clear about whether they want to sell or manufacture in China. Long-term, China business strategies should not be based on the availability of cheap labour this is disappearing as China becomes wealthier. The number of high net-worth individuals on the Chinese mainland has hit a record high and they are continuing to spend, according to the Hurun 2009 Wealth Report. The study found 825,000 mainland Chinese – or one in 1,700 – with a personal wealth of at least US$1 million. And now the rich are more likely to be found in second- and third-tier mainland cities. A new generation of consumers is emerging in China they are young, well educated and familiar with non-Chinese cultures. This Y generation of 240 million, born between 1980 and 1990, is now the highest earning age group in the country and is looking for a new way of life. They typically live in the major cities on the Eastern seaboard of China and in particular in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou where GDP per person is now over US$5,000 but corresponds in Purchasing Power Parity terms to four times that amount. Challenges Starting to do business in China is likely to be more costly and time consuming than in other markets. Challenges arise because of Chinas size, its gold rush style growth and the fact China has a very different business culture and environment from what businesses in other countries are used to. China is different in size, culture, politics, geography, history and economic structure. These issues can present challenges for companies looking to sell or invest in China which can only be overcome by thorough research, spending a lot of time in-market and following a focused business plan. Language and culture barriers The main challenges of doing business in China would be language and culture barriers. Before you visit China, it will be a definitely good idea to prepare yourself by studying aspects of Chinese language, culture, history, and geography. Your hosts will appreciate your initiative. If you speak Chinese, they will really appreciate your efforts and take your initiative of doing business in China more seriously than if you do not speak any of their language. Moreover, your ability of being able to understand Chinese language will help you to establish a successful business. It is essential for the foreign-funded enterprises to understand the China’s culture, especially regarding the culture of Guangxi (relationship), so as to be able to gain the popularity and trust of China population. With a good relationship, business can become smoother and probability of failure will be greatly reduced. Stronger bonds can also be built with the customers, suppliers and partners. In China, Guangxi is a complicated field. A special feature of doing business in China will be that Guangxi will have to include relationship with the government body, investors, partners and even relationship with your own staff, so when doing business in China, it is important for foreign investors to learn to coordinate with the China government, especially establishing good relationship with government bodies dealing with foreign trade and economic cooperation. Government procedures Governmental procedures for foreign investors in establishing investments in China is extremely complicated, thus if one is unfamiliar of the procedures, one will delay his business opportunities. Therefore it is important for one to be familiar with the investment procedures before carrying out his investment in China. A safer and more appropriate way will be to seek help from local organisations familiar in the same field of business or consultant firms who are able to provide professional advice and assistance. Determination and patience may be essential for an investor to be successful, however it is necessary for one to require help from professional bodies to ensure that success will be achieved. Conclusion China’s labour market very much appeals to many foreign investors. This is because on one hand, labour cost is low, and on the other hand China’s workforce has become matured and their skills have been constantly upgraded, especially in the coastal cities. Educational development is undergoing at a wonderful pace in China, thus it is no longer difficult to hire high quality labour force in China today. Many successful foreign investors have even credited their success in China to their China’s local staff. One big problem that is causing headache to foreign investors is how to maintain good relationship (Guangxi) with the local staff. First of all, top management should cultivate the company’s vision and values into the employees because what the local people are taught under China’s educational system may crash with the foreign management system. Thus only by letting the employees understand the company better can allow the company to function better.